2000 Baltimore Orioles
Baseball Player Won-Loss Records
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2000 Baltimore Orioles*
Traditional Statistics and Splits (Retrosheet)
Baltimore Orioles - Franchise Page

(Regular Season)

(2000 American League)
Positional Average (Weighted Avg of Options): 0.500 (1-Year) (9-Year) (Long-Run)

Positional Averages for Pitchers (Wgted Avg of Options): "0.500 "vs. Different Values for Starting vs. Relief Pitchers: (Empirical) (Based on Pitchers who Do Both)

Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Position Players
(Sorted by pWORL)
Player pWins pLosses pWOPA pWORL eWins eLosses eWOPA eWORL
8.56.62.3
3.0
8.46.72.2
2.9
17.517.50.2
1.9
17.617.50.3
2.1
11.811.70.7
1.9
11.911.61.0
2.1
8.77.71.0
1.9
8.38.10.3
1.1
7.46.10.8
1.4
7.46.10.8
1.4
4.23.70.8
1.1
4.23.60.8
1.2
15.315.7-0.7
0.8
15.515.5-0.5
1.1
13.513.5-0.6
0.7
14.212.80.8
2.1
5.96.3-0.2
0.4
6.06.10.2
0.8
4.44.7-0.2
0.3
4.15.1-0.8
-0.4
6.06.7-0.4
0.3
6.26.6-0.0
0.6
0.20.10.2
0.2
0.20.10.1
0.1
5.76.0-0.4
0.1
5.66.1-0.6
-0.1
0.30.30.0
0.1
0.30.30.0
0.1
0.30.3-0.1
-0.0
0.20.4-0.2
-0.1
0.20.2-0.0
-0.0
0.20.2-0.0
-0.0
0.20.2-0.0
-0.0
0.10.3-0.1
-0.1
5.25.4-0.7
-0.2
5.55.2-0.1
0.4
0.40.8-0.4
-0.4
0.50.8-0.2
-0.1
1.31.9-0.5
-0.4
1.31.8-0.5
-0.3
1.42.0-0.5
-0.4
1.32.1-0.7
-0.6
4.04.8-1.0
-0.4
4.24.6-0.6
-0.0
1.52.1-0.6
-0.4
1.62.0-0.5
-0.3
2.33.3-0.8
-0.5
2.43.2-0.7
-0.4
0.00.6-0.6
-0.5
0.00.6-0.6
-0.5
2.13.0-0.9
-0.7
2.03.2-1.2
-0.9
16.918.6-2.6
-0.7
17.118.4-2.2
-0.4
9.911.7-2.3
-1.2
10.511.1-1.0
0.1
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
SUB-TOTAL
155.2161.5-7.6
8.3
156.9159.9-4.2
11.7


Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Pitchers
(Sorted by pWORL)
Player pWins pLosses pWOPA pWORL eWins eLosses eWOPA eWORL
14.312.22.4
4.2
14.911.63.6
5.4
8.57.41.2
2.3
8.07.90.3
1.4
4.63.21.3
2.0
4.33.50.6
1.3
3.21.61.4
1.9
2.52.30.2
0.6
12.513.4-0.6
1.1
13.312.60.9
2.7
1.41.00.4
0.6
1.01.5-0.6
-0.3
2.02.0-0.1
0.3
2.02.0-0.1
0.2
9.611.0-1.2
0.2
10.010.5-0.3
1.2
4.45.1-0.7
0.2
4.45.1-0.9
0.0
2.63.0-0.4
0.1
2.72.8-0.1
0.4
0.30.30.0
0.1
0.20.4-0.1
-0.1
0.40.5-0.1
0.0
0.30.6-0.2
-0.1
0.00.00.0
0.0
0.00.0-0.0
-0.0
0.60.8-0.1
-0.0
0.70.7-0.1
0.0
0.00.2-0.2
-0.2
0.10.2-0.1
-0.1
0.81.4-0.7
-0.5
0.81.4-0.5
-0.3
1.11.8-0.8
-0.5
1.11.8-0.7
-0.5
0.31.0-0.7
-0.6
0.50.7-0.3
-0.2
2.53.7-1.1
-0.6
2.63.6-1.0
-0.6
1.72.8-1.2
-0.8
2.12.4-0.4
0.1
5.58.2-2.5
-1.6
5.97.8-1.8
-0.9
4.47.9-3.5
-2.6
5.46.9-1.4
-0.5
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
SUB-TOTAL
80.888.5-7.2
5.6
82.986.4-3.0
9.9


pWins pLosses pWOPA pWORL eWins eLosses eWOPA eWORL
TEAM TOTALS
236.0250.0-14.8
14.0
239.7246.3-7.2
21.5


Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Position Players
(Sorted by pWORL)
Batting Baserunning Pitching Fielding
Player eWins eLoss Win Pct. eWins eLoss Win Pct. eWins eLoss Win Pct. eWins eLoss Win Pct.
7.45.8
0.560
0.30.3
0.485
0.00.0
0.000
0.70.6
0.531
11.511.3
0.506
1.31.2
0.524
0.00.0
0.000
4.75.0
0.486
7.87.4
0.513
0.60.7
0.457
0.00.0
0.000
3.53.5
0.500
6.26.4
0.490
0.20.2
0.476
0.00.0
0.000
2.01.4
0.577
5.94.8
0.554
0.30.4
0.480
0.00.0
0.000
1.11.0
0.535
3.52.9
0.546
0.20.2
0.556
0.00.0
0.000
0.50.6
0.454
10.09.5
0.514
0.91.3
0.406
0.00.0
0.000
4.64.8
0.487
8.38.1
0.506
0.60.5
0.574
0.00.0
0.000
5.34.3
0.551
3.73.9
0.491
0.40.5
0.441
0.00.0
0.000
1.91.7
0.523
2.53.1
0.454
0.30.3
0.483
0.00.0
0.000
1.31.7
0.433
3.63.7
0.498
0.40.6
0.407
0.00.0
0.000
2.12.3
0.479
0.20.1
0.607
0.00.0
0.638
0.00.0
0.000
0.00.0
0.574
2.84.0
0.413
0.30.2
0.609
0.00.0
0.000
2.41.8
0.570
0.10.2
0.280
0.00.0
0.510
0.00.0
0.000
0.20.1
0.707
0.20.4
0.365
0.00.0
0.458
0.00.0
0.000
0.00.0
0.000
0.10.2
0.383
0.00.0
0.132
0.00.0
0.000
0.10.0
0.794
0.10.2
0.248
0.00.0
0.359
0.00.0
0.000
0.10.0
0.682
4.33.7
0.533
0.40.4
0.500
0.00.0
0.000
0.81.0
0.437
0.20.4
0.290
0.10.0
0.630
0.00.0
0.000
0.30.3
0.508
0.81.2
0.395
0.10.0
0.658
0.00.0
0.000
0.50.6
0.456
0.71.4
0.331
0.00.0
0.577
0.00.0
0.000
0.60.6
0.509
4.14.4
0.481
0.10.2
0.421
0.00.0
0.000
0.00.0
0.000
0.81.2
0.397
0.20.2
0.520
0.00.0
0.000
0.50.6
0.481
2.02.9
0.411
0.10.1
0.464
0.00.0
0.000
0.30.2
0.579
0.00.6
0.029
0.00.0
0.385
0.00.0
0.000
-0.00.0
-0.064
1.01.7
0.368
0.10.2
0.351
0.00.0
0.000
1.01.3
0.428
11.411.1
0.507
0.71.3
0.365
0.00.0
0.000
5.05.9
0.455
7.07.4
0.487
0.70.5
0.553
0.00.0
0.000
2.83.1
0.476
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
SUB-TOTAL
106.3107.9
0.496
8.49.4
0.474
0.00.0
0.000
42.242.6
0.498


Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Pitchers
(Sorted by pWORL)
Batting Baserunning Pitching Fielding
Player eWins eLoss Win Pct. eWins eLoss Win Pct. eWins eLoss Win Pct. eWins eLoss Win Pct.
0.00.2
0.193
0.00.0
0.000
14.311.6
0.554
0.20.2
0.537
0.00.0
0.000
0.00.0
0.000
7.97.8
0.505
0.10.1
0.584
0.00.0
0.000
0.00.0
0.000
4.13.4
0.543
0.20.1
0.562
0.00.0
0.000
0.00.0
0.000
2.52.2
0.533
0.00.1
0.252
0.00.1
0.024
0.00.0
0.000
13.112.5
0.512
0.10.1
0.617
0.00.0
0.000
0.00.0
0.000
1.01.4
0.408
0.00.1
0.187
0.00.0
0.000
0.00.0
0.000
1.81.8
0.501
0.10.2
0.380
0.00.1
0.006
0.00.0
0.000
9.910.2
0.492
0.20.2
0.513
0.00.0
0.000
0.00.0
0.000
4.45.1
0.461
0.00.0
0.743
0.00.0
0.000
0.00.0
0.000
2.62.8
0.480
0.20.0
0.886
0.00.0
0.000
0.00.0
0.000
0.20.4
0.401
0.00.0
0.244
0.00.0
0.000
0.00.0
0.000
0.30.6
0.385
0.00.0
0.022
0.00.0
0.000
0.00.0
0.000
0.00.0
0.375
0.00.0
0.000
0.00.0
0.000
0.00.0
0.000
0.60.8
0.463
0.00.0
0.901
0.00.0
0.000
0.00.0
0.000
0.10.1
0.276
0.00.0
0.000
0.00.0
0.000
0.00.0
0.000
0.91.3
0.402
0.00.0
0.269
0.00.0
0.000
0.00.0
0.000
1.11.8
0.386
0.00.0
0.459
0.00.0
0.000
0.00.0
0.000
0.50.7
0.399
0.00.0
0.141
0.00.0
0.000
0.00.0
0.000
2.63.4
0.439
0.00.2
0.107
0.00.0
0.000
0.00.0
0.000
2.12.4
0.467
0.00.0
0.792
0.10.1
0.551
0.00.0
0.296
5.87.2
0.446
0.10.3
0.228
0.00.1
0.016
0.00.0
0.000
5.56.6
0.452
0.00.0
0.381
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
SUB-TOTAL
0.20.6
0.220
0.00.0
0.288
81.484.1
0.492
1.31.6
0.455


Batting Baserunning Pitching Fielding
eWins eLoss Win Pct. eWins eLoss Win Pct. eWins eLoss Win Pct. eWins eLoss Win Pct.
TEAM TOTALS
106.4108.5
0.495
8.49.4
0.474
81.484.1
0.492
43.544.2
0.496


eWin, eLoss, eWOPA by Position
Catcher
Player eWins eLosses eWOPA
Charles Johnson8.36.72.1
Brook Fordyce4.23.60.9
Greg Myers1.82.5-0.5
Willie Morales0.20.2-0.0
Fernando Lunar0.10.2-0.1
------ ------ ------
TOTAL14.713.22.3
  
First Base
Player eWins eLosses eWOPA
Will Clark6.95.70.7
Chris Richard5.24.9-0.1
Jeff Conine3.83.20.3
Ryan Minor0.10.2-0.2
Rich Amaral0.00.0-0.0
Mike Kinkade0.00.00.0
------ ------ ------
TOTAL16.014.10.7
  
Second Base
Player eWins eLosses eWOPA
Delino DeShields Sr.11.611.60.4
Jerry Hairston Jr.6.06.10.2
Mark Lewis1.82.0-0.2
Jesse Garcia0.20.20.0
Melvin Mora0.00.0-0.0
------ ------ ------
TOTAL19.619.90.4
  
Third Base
Player eWins eLosses eWOPA
Cal Ripken7.77.40.3
Jeff Conine3.33.9-0.6
Mark Lewis1.72.0-0.3
Ryan Minor1.31.8-0.5
Ivanon Coffie1.11.6-0.5
------ ------ ------
TOTAL15.116.7-1.5
  
Shortstop
Player eWins eLosses eWOPA
Mike Bordick11.911.61.0
Melvin Mora6.26.6-0.0
Mark Lewis0.60.9-0.2
Ivanon Coffie0.10.2-0.1
Jesse Garcia0.10.1-0.0
------ ------ ------
TOTAL18.919.30.7
  
Left Field
Player eWins eLosses eWOPA
B.J. Surhoff14.112.80.7
Delino DeShields Sr.4.95.0-0.3
Brady Anderson2.01.90.1
Jeff Conine0.60.7-0.1
Trenidad Hubbard0.10.2-0.1
Rich Amaral0.20.10.1
Karim Garcia0.00.0-0.0
Luis Matos0.00.00.0
------ ------ ------
TOTAL21.920.70.2
  
Center Field
Player eWins eLosses eWOPA
Brady Anderson9.310.3-1.1
Luis Matos3.84.7-0.9
Gene Kingsale2.03.1-1.0
Rich Amaral1.21.5-0.3
Delino DeShields Sr.0.20.2-0.0
------ ------ ------
TOTAL16.619.6-3.3
  
Right Field
Player eWins eLosses eWOPA
Albert Belle15.015.9-1.7
Brady Anderson3.52.50.8
Jeff Conine1.92.0-0.2
Luis Matos1.81.40.3
Trenidad Hubbard0.40.4-0.1
Chris Richard0.20.20.0
Rich Amaral0.10.2-0.1
------ ------ ------
TOTAL22.822.6-0.9
  
Designated Hitter
Player eWins eLosses eWOPA
Harold Baines4.14.5-0.7
Albert Belle2.12.4-0.3
Jeff Conine0.71.2-0.5
Delino DeShields Sr.0.80.60.1
Cal Ripken0.60.7-0.1
Brady Anderson0.60.6-0.0
Greg Myers0.50.50.1
Will Clark0.40.30.0
Carlos Casimiro0.10.3-0.3
Karim Garcia0.00.3-0.3
Mike Kinkade0.20.10.1
Chris Richard0.00.1-0.0
B.J. Surhoff0.00.00.0
------ ------ ------
TOTAL10.211.6-2.0
  
Pinch Hitter
Player eWins eLosses eWOPA
Jeff Conine0.20.10.1
Greg Myers0.10.2-0.1
Harold Baines0.20.10.0
Karim Garcia0.00.3-0.2
Delino DeShields Sr.0.10.1-0.0
Brady Anderson0.00.2-0.1
Will Clark0.00.1-0.1
Rich Amaral0.00.1-0.1
Ivanon Coffie0.10.10.1
Mark Lewis0.10.1-0.0
Carlos Casimiro0.10.00.0
Chris Richard0.10.00.1
Gene Kingsale0.00.1-0.1
Trenidad Hubbard0.00.1-0.1
Brook Fordyce0.00.1-0.0
Ryan Minor0.00.00.0
Mike Kinkade0.00.0-0.0
Charles Johnson0.00.0-0.0
Luis Matos0.00.0-0.0
------ ------ ------
TOTAL1.11.7-0.4
  
Pinch Runner
Player eWins eLosses eWOPA
Rich Amaral0.10.1-0.1
Trenidad Hubbard0.10.00.0
Mark Lewis0.00.1-0.0
Delino DeShields Sr.0.00.00.0
Brady Anderson0.00.00.0
Luis Matos0.00.0-0.0
Jesse Garcia0.00.00.0
Ivanon Coffie0.00.0-0.0
Karim Garcia0.00.00.0
Charles Johnson0.00.00.0
Ryan Minor0.00.0-0.0
Scott Erickson0.00.0-0.0
------ ------ ------
TOTAL0.30.30.0
  
Pitcher Offense
Player eWins eLosses eWOPA
Scott Erickson0.10.10.1
Mike Mussina0.00.2-0.0
Jason Johnson0.00.1-0.1
Sidney Ponson0.00.1-0.1
Pat Rapp0.00.1-0.0
Jose Mercedes0.00.0-0.0
Mike Trombley0.00.0-0.0
------ ------ ------
TOTAL0.20.6-0.1
  
Starting Pitching
Player eWins eLosses eWOPA
Mike Mussina14.511.73.0
Sidney Ponson13.212.60.8
Pat Rapp10.110.4-0.2
Jose Mercedes7.47.00.5
Scott Erickson5.97.5-1.5
Jason Johnson4.15.3-1.1
John Parrish2.73.5-0.8
Jay Spurgeon0.81.4-0.6
Chuck McElroy0.80.70.1
Calvin Maduro0.50.8-0.3
Lesli Brea0.30.4-0.1
------ ------ ------
TOTAL60.461.4-0.2
  
Relief Pitching
Player eWins eLosses eWOPA
Mike Trombley4.45.1-0.8
Buddy Groom4.23.60.6
Mike Timlin2.72.8-0.1
Ryan Kohlmeier2.52.30.2
B.J. Ryan2.12.4-0.3
Jason Johnson1.31.5-0.2
Alan Mills1.01.5-0.5
Chuck McElroy1.21.3-0.1
Calvin Maduro0.71.0-0.4
Al Reyes0.70.8-0.1
Jose Mercedes0.70.7-0.1
Tim Worrell0.30.6-0.2
Gabe Molina0.20.4-0.1
Lesli Brea0.20.3-0.1
Darren Holmes0.10.1-0.1
Luis G. Rivera0.00.0-0.0
Pat Rapp0.00.00.0
Jay Spurgeon0.00.00.0
------ ------ ------
TOTAL22.424.4-2.5


Team eWins over Positional Average by Position
PC1B2B3BSSLFCFRFOth
2000 Baltimore Orioles-2.82.30.70.4-1.50.70.2-3.3-0.9-2.4


pWin, pLoss, pWOPA by Position
Catcher
Player pWins pLosses pWOPA
Charles Johnson8.56.62.3
Brook Fordyce4.23.60.8
Greg Myers1.52.8-1.1
Willie Morales0.20.2-0.0
Fernando Lunar0.20.2-0.0
------ ------ ------
TOTAL14.513.41.9
  
First Base
Player pWins pLosses pWOPA
Will Clark6.95.70.6
Chris Richard4.85.3-0.9
Jeff Conine3.53.6-0.4
Ryan Minor0.00.2-0.2
Rich Amaral0.00.00.0
Mike Kinkade0.00.00.0
------ ------ ------
TOTAL15.214.8-0.9
  
Second Base
Player pWins pLosses pWOPA
Delino DeShields Sr.11.311.9-0.2
Jerry Hairston Jr.5.96.3-0.2
Mark Lewis1.82.0-0.1
Jesse Garcia0.20.20.0
Melvin Mora0.00.0-0.0
------ ------ ------
TOTAL19.120.3-0.5
  
Third Base
Player pWins pLosses pWOPA
Cal Ripken8.17.01.1
Jeff Conine3.14.2-1.1
Mark Lewis1.81.9-0.1
Ryan Minor1.41.7-0.4
Ivanon Coffie1.21.5-0.3
------ ------ ------
TOTAL15.516.4-0.8
  
Shortstop
Player pWins pLosses pWOPA
Mike Bordick11.811.70.7
Melvin Mora6.06.7-0.4
Mark Lewis0.70.70.0
Ivanon Coffie0.10.3-0.2
Jesse Garcia0.10.1-0.0
------ ------ ------
TOTAL18.719.50.2
  
Left Field
Player pWins pLosses pWOPA
B.J. Surhoff13.513.4-0.6
Delino DeShields Sr.5.24.70.3
Brady Anderson2.11.80.2
Jeff Conine0.60.7-0.2
Trenidad Hubbard0.10.2-0.1
Rich Amaral0.10.1-0.0
Karim Garcia0.00.0-0.0
Luis Matos0.00.00.0
------ ------ ------
TOTAL21.621.0-0.4
  
Center Field
Player pWins pLosses pWOPA
Brady Anderson9.210.4-1.3
Luis Matos3.84.7-0.9
Gene Kingsale2.12.9-0.8
Rich Amaral1.21.5-0.3
Delino DeShields Sr.0.10.2-0.1
------ ------ ------
TOTAL16.519.7-3.5
  
Right Field
Player pWins pLosses pWOPA
Albert Belle15.115.9-1.6
Brady Anderson3.42.60.7
Jeff Conine1.72.1-0.4
Luis Matos1.81.30.5
Trenidad Hubbard0.30.5-0.3
Chris Richard0.30.10.1
Rich Amaral0.10.2-0.1
------ ------ ------
TOTAL22.722.7-1.0
  
Designated Hitter
Player pWins pLosses pWOPA
Harold Baines3.94.7-1.1
Albert Belle1.82.7-1.0
Jeff Conine0.91.0-0.1
Delino DeShields Sr.0.80.70.0
Cal Ripken0.60.6-0.1
Brady Anderson0.50.7-0.2
Greg Myers0.60.30.3
Will Clark0.50.20.2
Carlos Casimiro0.20.3-0.1
Karim Garcia0.00.3-0.3
Mike Kinkade0.20.10.2
Chris Richard0.00.1-0.0
B.J. Surhoff0.00.00.0
------ ------ ------
TOTAL10.011.7-2.3
  
Pinch Hitter
Player pWins pLosses pWOPA
Jeff Conine0.10.2-0.0
Greg Myers0.20.20.0
Harold Baines0.20.10.1
Karim Garcia0.00.3-0.2
Delino DeShields Sr.0.20.10.1
Brady Anderson0.00.2-0.1
Will Clark0.00.1-0.1
Rich Amaral0.00.1-0.1
Ivanon Coffie0.10.1-0.0
Mark Lewis0.10.10.0
Carlos Casimiro0.10.00.1
Chris Richard0.10.00.1
Gene Kingsale0.00.1-0.1
Trenidad Hubbard0.00.1-0.1
Brook Fordyce0.00.1-0.0
Ryan Minor0.00.00.0
Mike Kinkade0.00.0-0.0
Charles Johnson0.00.0-0.0
Luis Matos0.00.0-0.0
------ ------ ------
TOTAL1.11.7-0.4
  
Pinch Runner
Player pWins pLosses pWOPA
Rich Amaral0.00.2-0.1
Trenidad Hubbard0.10.00.0
Mark Lewis0.00.1-0.0
Delino DeShields Sr.0.10.00.1
Brady Anderson0.00.00.0
Luis Matos0.00.0-0.0
Jesse Garcia0.00.00.0
Ivanon Coffie0.00.0-0.0
Karim Garcia0.00.00.0
Charles Johnson0.00.00.0
Ryan Minor0.00.0-0.0
Scott Erickson0.00.0-0.0
------ ------ ------
TOTAL0.30.30.0
  
Pitcher Offense
Player pWins pLosses pWOPA
Scott Erickson0.10.10.0
Mike Mussina0.10.2-0.0
Jason Johnson0.00.1-0.1
Sidney Ponson0.00.1-0.1
Pat Rapp0.00.1-0.0
Jose Mercedes0.00.0-0.0
Mike Trombley0.00.0-0.0
------ ------ ------
TOTAL0.20.6-0.1
  
Starting Pitching
Player pWins pLosses pWOPA
Mike Mussina14.212.02.4
Sidney Ponson12.513.3-0.6
Pat Rapp9.610.9-1.2
Jose Mercedes8.06.51.7
Scott Erickson5.48.0-2.5
Jason Johnson3.26.2-3.0
John Parrish2.53.7-1.1
Jay Spurgeon0.81.4-0.7
Chuck McElroy0.90.70.2
Calvin Maduro0.60.7-0.1
Lesli Brea0.20.6-0.4
------ ------ ------
TOTAL57.863.9-5.3
  
Relief Pitching
Player pWins pLosses pWOPA
Mike Trombley4.45.1-0.7
Buddy Groom4.63.21.3
Mike Timlin2.63.0-0.4
Ryan Kohlmeier3.21.61.4
B.J. Ryan1.72.8-1.2
Jason Johnson1.21.6-0.4
Alan Mills1.41.00.4
Chuck McElroy1.11.4-0.3
Calvin Maduro0.51.2-0.7
Al Reyes0.60.8-0.1
Jose Mercedes0.50.9-0.5
Tim Worrell0.40.5-0.1
Gabe Molina0.30.30.0
Lesli Brea0.10.4-0.3
Darren Holmes0.00.2-0.2
Luis G. Rivera0.00.00.0
Pat Rapp0.00.0-0.0
Jay Spurgeon0.00.00.0
------ ------ ------
TOTAL22.824.0-1.8


Team pWins over Positional Average by Position
PC1B2B3BSSLFCFRFOth
2000 Baltimore Orioles-7.21.9-0.9-0.5-0.80.2-0.4-3.5-1.0-2.7


*Player won-loss records are calculated using Retrosheet play-by-play data. For some seasons, Retrosheet does not have full play-by-play data for all games. In these cases, some games may be missing.
The number of Games shown here are the number of games for which Retrosheet play-by-play data exist and were used in these calculations.



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