1983 Milwaukee Brewers
Baseball Player Won-Loss Records
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1983 Milwaukee Brewers
*
Traditional Statistics and Splits (Retrosheet)
Milwaukee Brewers -
Franchise Page
(Regular Season)
(
1983 American League
)
Positional Average
(Weighted Avg of Options): 0.500
(1-Year)
(9-Year)
(Long-Run)
Positional Averages for Pitchers
(Wgted Avg of Options): "0.500
"vs. Different Values for Starting vs. Relief Pitchers: (Empirical)
(Based on Pitchers who Do Both)
Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Position Players
(Sorted by pWORL)
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
pWORL
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
eWORL
Robin Yount
21.3
16.3
3.1
4.9
20.9
16.7
2.7
4.5
Cecil Cooper
21.3
16.3
1.9
3.7
20.2
17.3
0.9
2.6
Ted Simmons
16.2
14.0
1.2
2.8
15.6
14.7
0.6
2.1
Jim Gantner
20.0
19.1
0.9
2.7
19.9
19.2
0.8
2.6
Ben Oglivie
16.4
14.5
0.7
2.2
16.0
14.9
0.3
1.7
Paul Molitor
17.4
17.3
-0.0
1.6
17.6
17.0
0.2
1.8
Rick Manning
11.5
11.3
-0.0
1.0
10.5
12.3
-1.0
0.0
Ed Romero
4.4
3.8
0.4
0.8
4.1
4.1
0.0
0.4
Charlie Moore
16.3
17.8
-1.0
0.6
17.0
17.1
-0.3
1.3
Mark Brouhard
5.6
5.8
-0.2
0.4
5.9
5.5
0.1
0.6
Marshall Edwards
2.7
2.7
-0.0
0.2
2.6
2.9
-0.2
0.1
Bill Schroeder
1.5
1.5
0.1
0.2
1.4
1.6
-0.0
0.1
Roy Howell
3.8
4.2
-0.3
0.2
4.0
4.0
-0.1
0.4
Randy Ready
1.2
1.1
0.1
0.2
1.3
1.0
0.2
0.3
Bob Skube
1.1
1.1
0.0
0.1
1.0
1.2
-0.1
0.0
Ned Yost
3.9
4.8
-0.3
0.1
3.9
4.8
-0.4
0.0
Dion James
0.5
0.5
-0.0
0.0
0.5
0.6
-0.1
-0.0
Rob Picciolo
0.7
0.9
-0.1
-0.0
0.7
0.9
-0.1
0.0
Gorman Thomas
4.4
5.4
-0.6
-0.1
4.5
5.3
-0.4
0.0
Don Money
1.9
3.1
-0.6
-0.3
2.0
3.0
-0.5
-0.3
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
SUB-TOTAL
172.3
161.4
5.3
21.1
169.5
164.2
2.5
18.4
Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Pitchers
(Sorted by pWORL)
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
pWORL
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
eWORL
Moose Haas
10.8
6.8
2.1
3.2
9.6
7.9
0.9
2.1
Don Sutton
11.0
11.5
-0.1
1.3
11.7
10.8
0.5
1.9
Mike Caldwell
12.1
13.0
-0.3
1.3
11.1
14.0
-1.4
0.2
Pete Ladd
4.3
3.0
0.6
1.2
4.1
3.2
0.4
1.0
Jim Slaton
5.4
5.2
0.0
1.0
4.9
5.6
-0.4
0.5
Chuck Porter
7.0
7.4
-0.2
0.7
7.1
7.3
-0.1
0.9
Bob McClure
7.4
8.1
-0.3
0.7
7.2
8.4
-0.5
0.5
Tom Tellmann
4.9
5.3
-0.3
0.6
5.2
5.0
0.0
0.9
Jerry Augustine
3.5
3.4
0.0
0.5
2.8
4.1
-0.6
-0.1
Jaime Cocanower
1.3
0.8
0.3
0.4
1.1
0.9
0.1
0.2
Tom Candiotti
3.4
3.6
-0.1
0.4
3.4
3.5
-0.0
0.4
Pete Vuckovich
0.9
0.9
-0.0
0.1
0.9
1.0
-0.0
0.1
Robert L. Gibson
3.2
4.3
-0.6
0.0
3.7
3.8
-0.1
0.5
Andy Beene
0.0
0.0
-0.0
-0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.0
0.0
Rick Waits
0.8
1.2
-0.2
-0.0
1.1
0.9
0.1
0.3
Jamie Easterly
0.6
1.0
-0.2
-0.1
0.7
0.9
-0.1
0.0
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
SUB-TOTAL
76.7
75.6
0.7
11.4
74.8
77.5
-1.3
9.4
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
pWORL
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
eWORL
TEAM TOTALS
249.0
237.0
5.9
32.5
244.3
241.7
1.3
27.8
Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Position Players
(Sorted by pWORL)
Batting
Baserunning
Pitching
Fielding
Player
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
Robin Yount
14.4
11.2
0.563
1.2
1.0
0.540
0.0
0.0
0.000
6.1
5.7
0.516
Cecil Cooper
15.7
13.1
0.546
1.0
0.7
0.594
0.0
0.0
0.000
2.1
2.5
0.457
Ted Simmons
13.1
12.0
0.522
1.0
1.2
0.451
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.2
1.2
0.488
Jim Gantner
12.2
12.2
0.500
1.2
0.8
0.581
0.0
0.0
0.000
6.4
6.2
0.508
Ben Oglivie
9.6
8.1
0.542
0.6
1.0
0.367
0.0
0.0
0.000
5.6
5.6
0.499
Paul Molitor
12.1
12.1
0.501
1.5
1.4
0.520
0.0
0.0
0.000
4.9
4.5
0.523
Rick Manning
6.2
8.0
0.439
0.7
0.9
0.428
0.0
0.0
0.000
4.2
4.1
0.508
Ed Romero
2.7
2.8
0.495
0.2
0.1
0.624
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.5
1.6
0.484
Charlie Moore
10.5
10.4
0.502
1.1
1.1
0.503
0.0
0.0
0.000
6.3
6.4
0.497
Mark Brouhard
4.0
3.6
0.529
0.2
0.4
0.357
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.8
1.7
0.515
Marshall Edwards
1.3
1.4
0.471
0.2
0.3
0.393
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.1
1.2
0.484
Bill Schroeder
1.3
1.4
0.473
0.1
0.1
0.572
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.3
0.3
0.443
Roy Howell
4.0
3.9
0.507
0.3
0.4
0.424
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.1
0.1
0.478
Randy Ready
1.1
0.6
0.640
0.1
0.2
0.256
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.1
0.1
0.484
Bob Skube
0.5
0.6
0.444
0.0
0.0
0.386
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.2
0.2
0.515
Ned Yost
3.4
4.1
0.454
0.3
0.3
0.537
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.7
1.1
0.386
Dion James
0.2
0.4
0.351
0.0
0.0
0.768
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.3
0.3
0.516
Rob Picciolo
0.4
0.5
0.420
0.0
0.1
0.265
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.3
0.3
0.538
Gorman Thomas
3.3
3.6
0.479
0.2
0.2
0.517
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.4
1.9
0.429
Don Money
1.6
2.7
0.371
0.1
0.1
0.356
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.5
0.3
0.598
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
SUB-TOTAL
117.4
112.4
0.511
10.0
10.4
0.491
0.0
0.0
0.000
45.1
45.3
0.499
Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Pitchers
(Sorted by pWORL)
Batting
Baserunning
Pitching
Fielding
Player
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
Moose Haas
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.179
9.2
7.9
0.539
0.2
0.2
0.492
Don Sutton
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
11.5
10.8
0.517
0.3
0.4
0.410
Mike Caldwell
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
11.4
13.7
0.454
0.3
0.2
0.554
Pete Ladd
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
2.6
2.1
0.556
0.0
0.0
0.952
Jim Slaton
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
5.8
6.6
0.468
0.1
0.1
0.596
Chuck Porter
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
7.0
7.3
0.491
0.2
0.1
0.682
Bob McClure
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
7.3
8.3
0.468
0.2
0.2
0.571
Tom Tellmann
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
5.2
5.2
0.502
0.2
0.1
0.733
Jerry Augustine
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
3.3
4.6
0.415
0.1
0.1
0.539
Jaime Cocanower
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.5
1.2
0.557
0.1
0.2
0.256
Tom Candiotti
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
2.9
2.8
0.505
0.1
0.2
0.279
Pete Vuckovich
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.8
0.9
0.481
0.0
0.0
0.504
Robert L. Gibson
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
4.3
4.4
0.493
0.1
0.1
0.557
Andy Beene
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.1
0.1
0.454
0.0
0.0
0.001
Rick Waits
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.6
1.5
0.502
0.4
0.1
0.869
Jamie Easterly
0.0
0.1
0.016
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.7
0.8
0.462
0.0
0.0
0.699
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
SUB-TOTAL
0.0
0.1
0.016
0.0
0.0
0.179
75.2
78.2
0.490
2.3
1.8
0.557
Batting
Baserunning
Pitching
Fielding
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
TEAM TOTALS
117.4
112.5
0.511
10.0
10.4
0.491
75.2
78.2
0.490
47.4
47.1
0.501
eWin, eLoss, eWOPA by Position
Catcher
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Ted Simmons
8.4
8.6
0.2
Ned Yost
4.3
5.4
-0.4
Bill Schroeder
1.6
1.8
-0.0
Charlie Moore
0.1
0.1
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
14.4
15.9
-0.3
First Base
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Cecil Cooper
18.4
16.1
0.6
Roy Howell
0.5
0.2
0.2
Rob Picciolo
0.2
0.1
0.0
Don Money
0.1
0.1
0.0
Bob Skube
0.1
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
19.3
16.5
0.8
Second Base
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Jim Gantner
19.7
19.1
0.7
Ed Romero
0.2
0.3
-0.0
Rob Picciolo
0.1
0.2
-0.1
------
------
------
TOTAL
20.0
19.6
0.6
Third Base
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Paul Molitor
18.6
17.9
0.2
Don Money
1.0
1.4
-0.2
Randy Ready
0.8
0.5
0.1
Ed Romero
0.3
0.3
-0.0
Rob Picciolo
0.0
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
20.7
20.2
0.2
Shortstop
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Robin Yount
20.7
17.3
2.4
Ed Romero
2.1
2.5
-0.1
Rob Picciolo
0.5
0.5
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
23.3
20.3
2.3
Left Field
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Ben Oglivie
15.0
14.0
0.2
Mark Brouhard
5.0
4.3
0.2
Ed Romero
1.1
1.1
0.0
Marshall Edwards
0.6
1.2
-0.3
Dion James
0.3
0.4
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
22.0
20.9
0.1
Center Field
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Rick Manning
11.2
13.0
-1.0
Gorman Thomas
4.9
5.7
-0.4
Marshall Edwards
0.7
0.7
0.0
Bob Skube
0.3
0.4
-0.1
Dion James
0.2
0.2
-0.0
Ed Romero
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
17.3
19.9
-1.5
Right Field
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Charlie Moore
17.8
17.6
-0.2
Marshall Edwards
1.1
0.9
0.1
Mark Brouhard
0.5
0.6
-0.1
Bob Skube
0.3
0.3
-0.0
Ed Romero
0.3
0.1
0.1
Dion James
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
20.0
19.6
-0.1
Designated Hitter
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Ted Simmons
6.8
5.7
0.4
Roy Howell
3.4
3.8
-0.3
Don Money
0.9
1.3
-0.2
Robin Yount
0.8
0.5
0.1
Ben Oglivie
0.5
0.5
-0.0
Mark Brouhard
0.4
0.6
-0.1
Randy Ready
0.5
0.4
0.0
Cecil Cooper
0.5
0.2
0.1
Charlie Moore
0.0
0.1
-0.0
Ed Romero
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
13.8
13.2
-0.0
Pinch Hitter
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Roy Howell
0.4
0.3
0.1
Ed Romero
0.5
0.2
0.1
Ben Oglivie
0.3
0.2
0.1
Don Money
0.1
0.3
-0.1
Mark Brouhard
0.2
0.2
0.0
Bob Skube
0.1
0.1
-0.0
Cecil Cooper
0.1
0.1
-0.0
Robin Yount
0.1
0.0
0.0
Ted Simmons
0.0
0.1
-0.0
Marshall Edwards
0.1
0.1
0.0
Paul Molitor
0.0
0.1
-0.0
Ned Yost
0.1
0.0
0.0
Rob Picciolo
0.0
0.1
-0.0
Jim Gantner
0.0
0.1
-0.0
Jamie Easterly
0.0
0.1
-0.0
Randy Ready
0.0
0.0
0.0
Dion James
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
1.9
1.9
0.1
Pinch Runner
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Marshall Edwards
0.0
0.1
-0.0
Rob Picciolo
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Moose Haas
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Ned Yost
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Dion James
0.0
0.0
0.0
Ben Oglivie
0.0
0.0
0.0
Mark Brouhard
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Paul Molitor
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Rick Manning
0.0
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
0.1
0.1
-0.0
Pitcher Offense
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
------
------
------
TOTAL
0.0
0.0
0.0
Starting Pitching
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Mike Caldwell
11.7
13.9
-1.0
Don Sutton
11.8
11.2
0.4
Moose Haas
9.4
8.1
0.7
Bob McClure
7.5
8.5
-0.4
Chuck Porter
6.5
6.7
-0.1
Tom Candiotti
2.8
2.9
-0.0
Robert L. Gibson
2.2
2.0
0.1
Jerry Augustine
1.6
2.4
-0.4
Jaime Cocanower
1.2
1.1
0.1
Pete Vuckovich
0.8
0.9
-0.0
Rick Waits
1.0
0.6
0.2
------
------
------
TOTAL
56.5
58.3
-0.5
Relief Pitching
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Jim Slaton
6.0
6.7
-0.5
Tom Tellmann
5.4
5.2
-0.0
Pete Ladd
2.7
2.1
0.2
Robert L. Gibson
2.2
2.4
-0.2
Jerry Augustine
1.8
2.3
-0.3
Rick Waits
1.0
1.0
-0.0
Jamie Easterly
0.7
0.8
-0.1
Chuck Porter
0.7
0.7
0.0
Jaime Cocanower
0.3
0.3
0.0
Tom Candiotti
0.2
0.1
0.0
Andy Beene
0.1
0.1
-0.0
Bob McClure
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
21.0
21.7
-0.7
Team eWins over Positional Average by Position
P
C
1B
2B
3B
SS
LF
CF
RF
Oth
1983 Milwaukee Brewers
-1.2
-0.3
0.8
0.6
0.2
2.3
0.1
-1.5
-0.1
0.0
pWin, pLoss, pWOPA by Position
Catcher
Player
fWins
fLosses
eWOPA
Ted Simmons
9.1
9.0
0.3
Ned Yost
3.8
4.8
-0.4
Bill Schroeder
1.5
1.5
0.1
Charlie Moore
0.1
0.1
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
14.5
15.3
0.0
First Base
Player
fWins
fLosses
eWOPA
Cecil Cooper
20.7
16.0
1.8
Roy Howell
0.4
0.2
0.1
Rob Picciolo
0.1
0.1
0.0
Don Money
0.0
0.1
-0.0
Bob Skube
0.1
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
21.4
16.4
1.9
Second Base
Player
fWins
fLosses
eWOPA
Jim Gantner
20.0
18.9
1.0
Ed Romero
0.1
0.3
-0.1
Rob Picciolo
0.1
0.2
-0.1
------
------
------
TOTAL
20.2
19.4
0.8
Third Base
Player
fWins
fLosses
eWOPA
Paul Molitor
17.3
17.2
-0.0
Don Money
0.8
1.2
-0.2
Randy Ready
0.6
0.6
-0.0
Ed Romero
0.3
0.2
0.0
Rob Picciolo
0.0
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
19.0
19.2
-0.2
Shortstop
Player
fWins
fLosses
eWOPA
Robin Yount
20.4
15.9
2.9
Ed Romero
2.2
2.2
0.1
Rob Picciolo
0.4
0.3
0.1
------
------
------
TOTAL
23.0
18.4
3.0
Left Field
Player
fWins
fLosses
eWOPA
Ben Oglivie
15.0
13.7
0.4
Mark Brouhard
4.3
4.5
-0.2
Ed Romero
1.2
0.7
0.2
Marshall Edwards
0.6
1.2
-0.3
Dion James
0.3
0.4
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
21.5
20.5
0.1
Center Field
Player
fWins
fLosses
eWOPA
Rick Manning
11.5
11.3
-0.0
Gorman Thomas
4.4
5.4
-0.6
Marshall Edwards
0.9
0.5
0.2
Bob Skube
0.3
0.5
-0.1
Dion James
0.2
0.1
0.0
Ed Romero
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
17.2
17.9
-0.5
Right Field
Player
fWins
fLosses
eWOPA
Charlie Moore
16.3
17.6
-0.9
Marshall Edwards
1.2
0.8
0.2
Mark Brouhard
0.5
0.5
-0.0
Bob Skube
0.5
0.3
0.1
Ed Romero
0.3
0.1
0.1
Dion James
0.0
0.1
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
18.7
19.3
-0.6
Designated Hitter
Player
fWins
fLosses
eWOPA
Ted Simmons
7.1
4.7
1.1
Roy Howell
2.9
3.5
-0.4
Don Money
1.1
1.2
-0.1
Ben Oglivie
0.8
0.4
0.1
Robin Yount
0.7
0.4
0.2
Mark Brouhard
0.5
0.6
-0.1
Randy Ready
0.5
0.5
0.0
Cecil Cooper
0.5
0.2
0.1
Charlie Moore
0.0
0.1
-0.0
Ed Romero
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
14.1
11.6
0.9
Pinch Hitter
Player
fWins
fLosses
eWOPA
Ben Oglivie
0.6
0.4
0.2
Roy Howell
0.4
0.5
-0.0
Mark Brouhard
0.3
0.3
0.0
Bob Skube
0.3
0.3
-0.0
Don Money
0.0
0.5
-0.2
Ed Romero
0.3
0.2
0.0
Ted Simmons
0.0
0.3
-0.1
Rob Picciolo
0.0
0.3
-0.1
Cecil Cooper
0.2
0.1
0.1
Robin Yount
0.2
0.0
0.1
Jim Gantner
0.0
0.2
-0.1
Paul Molitor
0.0
0.1
-0.0
Marshall Edwards
0.0
0.1
-0.0
Randy Ready
0.1
0.0
0.1
Ned Yost
0.1
0.0
0.1
Jamie Easterly
0.0
0.1
-0.0
Dion James
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
2.6
3.5
-0.3
Pinch Runner
Player
fWins
fLosses
eWOPA
Marshall Edwards
0.0
0.1
-0.0
Rob Picciolo
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Ned Yost
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Moose Haas
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Mark Brouhard
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Dion James
0.0
0.0
0.0
Ben Oglivie
0.0
0.0
0.0
Paul Molitor
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Rick Manning
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
0.1
0.2
-0.1
Pitcher Offense
Player
fWins
fLosses
eWOPA
------
------
------
TOTAL
0.0
0.0
0.0
Starting Pitching
Player
fWins
fLosses
eWOPA
Mike Caldwell
12.1
13.0
-0.3
Don Sutton
11.0
11.5
-0.1
Moose Haas
10.8
6.7
2.1
Bob McClure
7.4
8.1
-0.3
Chuck Porter
6.7
7.0
-0.1
Tom Candiotti
3.3
3.4
-0.0
Robert L. Gibson
2.2
2.2
0.0
Jerry Augustine
2.0
2.3
-0.1
Jaime Cocanower
1.2
0.7
0.3
Pete Vuckovich
0.9
0.9
-0.0
Rick Waits
0.4
0.6
-0.1
------
------
------
TOTAL
58.0
56.3
1.2
Relief Pitching
Player
fWins
fLosses
eWOPA
Jim Slaton
5.4
5.2
0.0
Tom Tellmann
4.9
5.3
-0.3
Pete Ladd
4.3
3.0
0.6
Robert L. Gibson
1.1
2.2
-0.6
Jerry Augustine
1.5
1.2
0.1
Jamie Easterly
0.6
1.0
-0.2
Rick Waits
0.4
0.6
-0.1
Chuck Porter
0.3
0.5
-0.1
Tom Candiotti
0.1
0.2
-0.0
Jaime Cocanower
0.1
0.1
-0.0
Andy Beene
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Bob McClure
0.0
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
18.7
19.1
-0.5
Team pWins over Positional Average by Position
P
C
1B
2B
3B
SS
LF
CF
RF
Oth
1983 Milwaukee Brewers
0.7
0.0
1.9
0.8
-0.2
3.0
0.1
-0.5
-0.6
0.6
*
Player won-loss records are calculated using Retrosheet play-by-play data. For some seasons, Retrosheet does not have full play-by-play data for all games. In these cases, some games may be missing.
The number of Games shown here are the number of games for which Retrosheet play-by-play data exist and were used in these calculations.
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